United States climate exposure

Houston Climate Exposure: Humidity, Corrosion and Condensation Risks for Industrial Equipment

Houston represents a humid Gulf Coast environment where moisture, heat and industrial coastal context can affect field reliability.

Climate exposure summary
CE-4Severe Humid Exposure
  • Very high humidity exposure
  • Elevated condensation potential
  • Industrial coastal corrosion context

Humidity is the primary stressor. Heat and industrial coast is the secondary driver for reliability and field durability decisions.

CE classes describe overall environmental severity and are not equivalent to ISO corrosivity classes.

Dominant mechanismsHigh humidityCondensation potentialCoastal and industrial influence
Humid SubtropicalHigh humidityRegional coastal influence marine exposure
Houston29.760, -95.370
Engineering Climate Fingerprint™

Houston environmental load barcode.

A normalized 0-100 matrix showing which exposure mechanisms dominate the deployment environment. Scores describe environmental load intensity, not failure probability.

ECF patternPrimary: Humidity · Secondary: Condensation
Humidity78High
Condensation66High
Thermal58Moderate
Marine24Low
Pollution58Moderate
Freeze8Minimal
Humidity: RH80, RH90 and Gulf Coast moisture loadCondensation: Dew-point margin and overnight moisture periodsThermal: Heat hours and seasonal thermal loadMarine: Score set from an earlier North America V2 sample (3.0 mg/m2/day); the current V2 value on this page is 9.7 mg/m2/day (low S1). Score not yet recomputedPollution: MERRA-2 sulfate deposition background at Houston: 6.2 mg/m2/dayFreeze: Rare frost exposure
Typical Applications

Equipment categories where this climate profile is relevant.

Industrial EquipmentOil & Gas ElectronicsBESSOutdoor ControlsTelecom EquipmentUtility Infrastructure
Why this climate matters

Why Houston climate matters

Gulf Coast humidity creates long periods of elevated moisture exposure that can affect electronics, battery systems and outdoor equipment.

The combination of warm temperatures, high dew points and regional industrial context makes Houston a practical stress case for infrastructure operators and product durability teams.

For qualification planning, Houston is useful because it is not purely tropical, but it can still create severe humidity-led exposure for outdoor assets.

What the data show

What sets Houston apart

  • Moisture load is the leading signal. The CEY10 representative year has 4,160 hours at or above 80 % RH and 2,354 hours at or above 90 %, and the monthly mean dew point is 22.8-24.0 C from June to August.
  • Absolute humidity peaks at 21.8 g/m3 in August, about twice San Francisco's highest monthly value of 11.1 g/m3. Warm, moisture-rich air means surfaces cooled by air conditioning or night-time radiation reach the dew point at higher temperatures.
  • Salt deposition is low at the city-centre cell: 9.7 mg/m2/day (low ISO S1), 31 km from the Gulf. Coastal sites are not represented by this sample.
  • The MERRA-2 sulfate deposition background, 6.2 mg/m2/day, is the highest of Climetry's North American city examples (San Francisco 2.7, Seattle 2.2). It is regional context, not a measurement of local industrial plumes.

Humidity hours (CEY10, 2015-2024), chloride and sulfate deposition (modelled annual means) and absolute humidity are different quantities. They are listed side by side, not combined into one scale. ERA5 agreement with the Houston Intercontinental station is shown in the validation section below.

Engineering metrics

Exposure metrics that matter before deployment.

Climetry-derived indicators summarize environmental severity. ISO-derived indicators estimate material-related atmospheric corrosivity for metals such as carbon steel, zinc, copper and aluminum.

Climate Exposure SummaryHumid subtropical

High moisture load with heat and coastal-industrial context.

Corrosion RiskHigh

Humidity and Gulf Coast influence increase exposure severity.

Condensation RiskModerate to high

Moist overnight and seasonal transitions matter.

RH80 Hours4,160 h/year

CEY10 long annual wet-hour exposure window.

RH90 Hours2,354 h/year

CEY10 frequent high-humidity stress periods.

Climate ClassificationHumid Subtropical

Warm, moist, and seasonally storm-influenced.

Monthly climate profile

Houston thermodynamic exposure by month.

Monthly mean values of the core thermodynamic variables. Only the monthly means are shown, without a spread or range.

The source and period of these monthly means are not documented on this page yet; they are not presented as CEY10 output.

Relative humidity

74 % average of the monthly means

High humidity persists across seasons, with warm-season moisture stress.

Jan 74 %, Feb 73 %, Mar 72 %, Apr 73 %, May 75 %, Jun 76 %, Jul 75 %, Aug 74 %, Sep 76 %, Oct 75 %, Nov 74 %, Dec 75 %72 %74 %76 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 74 %Feb: 73 %Mar: 72 %Apr: 73 %May: 75 %Jun: 76 %Jul: 75 %Aug: 74 %Sep: 76 %Oct: 75 %Nov: 74 %Dec: 75 %
Monthly mean
Air temperature

21.6 C average of the monthly means

Summer heat combines with humidity for enclosure and electronics stress.

Jan 12.0 C, Feb 14.0 C, Mar 17.5 C, Apr 21.5 C, May 25.5 C, Jun 28.5 C, Jul 29.8 C, Aug 30.0 C, Sep 27.2 C, Oct 22.5 C, Nov 17.2 C, Dec 13.2 C9.8 C21.0 C32.2 CJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 12.0 CFeb: 14.0 CMar: 17.5 CApr: 21.5 CMay: 25.5 CJun: 28.5 CJul: 29.8 CAug: 30.0 CSep: 27.2 COct: 22.5 CNov: 17.2 CDec: 13.2 C
Monthly mean
Absolute humidity

14.4 g/m3 average of the monthly means

Absolute humidity is high during the long warm season.

Jan 8.0 g/m3, Feb 8.8 g/m3, Mar 10.5 g/m3, Apr 13.2 g/m3, May 16.8 g/m3, Jun 20.2 g/m3, Jul 21.5 g/m3, Aug 21.8 g/m3, Sep 19.0 g/m3, Oct 14.5 g/m3, Nov 10.2 g/m3, Dec 8.4 g/m36.3 g/m314.9 g/m323.5 g/m3JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 8.0 g/m3Feb: 8.8 g/m3Mar: 10.5 g/m3Apr: 13.2 g/m3May: 16.8 g/m3Jun: 20.2 g/m3Jul: 21.5 g/m3Aug: 21.8 g/m3Sep: 19.0 g/m3Oct: 14.5 g/m3Nov: 10.2 g/m3Dec: 8.4 g/m3
Monthly mean
Dew point

15.7 C average of the monthly means

Dew point rises strongly in summer, increasing condensation relevance.

Jan 7.0 C, Feb 8.2 C, Mar 11.0 C, Apr 15.2 C, May 19.5 C, Jun 22.8 C, Jul 23.8 C, Aug 24.0 C, Sep 21.8 C, Oct 16.5 C, Nov 11.2 C, Dec 7.8 C5.0 C15.5 C26.0 CJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 7.0 CFeb: 8.2 CMar: 11.0 CApr: 15.2 CMay: 19.5 CJun: 22.8 CJul: 23.8 CAug: 24.0 CSep: 21.8 COct: 16.5 CNov: 11.2 CDec: 7.8 C
Monthly mean
Hourly CEY engineering statistics

Houston representative-year diagrams.

These figures are calculated from the local hourly Climetry Environmental Year and translate thermodynamic climate data into engineering-readable duration, cycle and moisture-risk views.

Houston CEY10 temperature duration

CEY10 temperature duration

Houston's 1 C temperature-duration histogram is calculated from the selected hourly CEY10 source months. It shows how long products experience each outdoor temperature band during the representative year.

Houston CEY10 relative humidity duration

CEY10 relative humidity duration

The RH duration histogram translates relative humidity into annual exposure hours. It supports moisture-sensitive electronics, coating, connector and enclosure screening.

Houston Temperature x RH occurrence

Temperature x RH occurrence

The joint duration heatmap shows which temperature and humidity combinations occur together. This is more useful for durability screening than separate annual averages.

Houston Psychrometric moisture density

Psychrometric moisture density

The psychrometric density view connects dry-bulb temperature with absolute humidity and helps identify moisture-rich operating conditions and drying limitations.

Houston P05 / P50 / P95 thermodynamic profile

P05 / P50 / P95 thermodynamic profile

The percentile profile summarizes the representative spread of temperature, dew point, relative humidity, absolute humidity and dew-point margin.

Houston Representative moisture-risk week

Representative moisture-risk week

The selected high-risk week highlights periods with elevated humidity, absolute humidity and small dew-point spread. It is a screening view for condensation and moisture-ingress relevance.

Houston Daily temperature cycle histogram

Daily temperature cycle histogram

Daily temperature-cycle statistics provide engineering input for thermomechanical reliability assessments, enclosure breathing and gasket stress screening.

Houston Heating-design cold-week histogram

Heating-design cold-week histogram

The cold-week temperature histogram is useful for heating-load screening in temperate and cold climates. In tropical climates it confirms low heating-design relevance.

Definitions

Terms used on this page.

CE class

A Climetry Exposure Class is a location-based environmental severity class for durability screening.

CE classes summarize humidity, condensation potential, marine influence, pollution context and thermal exposure. They are not ISO 9223 corrosivity classes.

RH80 exposure

RH80 exposure is the number of hours where relative humidity is at least 80%.

It is useful for identifying persistent moisture exposure relevant to electronics, coatings, connectors, enclosures and atmospheric corrosion screening.

Condensation potential

Condensation potential indicates conditions where surface wetting risk is elevated.

It is derived from temperature, dew point and humidity context. It is a screening indicator, not a measurement on a specific product surface.

Atmospheric transport screening

North America V2 chloride, CAMS SO2, and sulfate context.

Houston chloride is sampled from the current Climetry North America V2 land-only total chloride overlay. ISO-9223-style screening uses CAMS background SO2 Pc/Pd; it does not resolve local plumes. MERRA-2 sulfate is reported separately as regional atmospheric context.

Annual Grid-Cell Chloride9.7 mg/m2/day

Annual mean sampled at Houston from the current North America V2 land-only total chloride overlay.

Chloride StatusV2 ISO screening

North America V2 combines NADP-calibrated marine wet deposition, dry-deposition uplift and a coastal aerosol tail. The current open-fetch logic keeps Houston in the low-S1 Gulf Coast corridor range.

Distance to Coast31 km

Houston is close enough to the Gulf Coast corridor for marine chloride screening to remain relevant.

MERRA-2 Sulfate6.2 mg/m2/day

Annual wet+dry sulfate deposition background sampled from MERRA-2. Use as regional sulfur-deposition context, not SO2 gas concentration.

Sulfate RoleIndependent context

MERRA-2 sulfate shows useful regional wet-deposition agreement in the USA, but is not the ISO Pd input. Live screening uses CAMS background SO2 Pc/Pd.

ISO Input ClassesT4 / S1 / modeled SO2 background

Approximate screening inputs: time of wetness, V2 total chloride and CAMS-derived SO2 Pd. MERRA-2 sulfate remains separate context.

Carbon SteelScreening only

Humidity remains the primary driver; sulfur input uses CAMS background Pc/Pd and does not resolve local plumes.

AluminumScreening only

Chloride-sensitive interpretation should use the V2 total chloride value and local site context.

Corrosion DriverHumidity + coastal chloride

For Houston, wet hours, Gulf Coast aerosol influence, and CAMS background SO2 jointly define the screening context.

Monthly atmospheric transport profile

Houston chloride and sulfate screening by month.

Monthly chloride values are sampled from the current North America V2 total chloride overlay at the Houston grid cell. Sulfate values are sampled from MERRA-2 2020-2024 monthly wet+dry deposition background.

Chloride deposition

9.733 mg/m2/day average of the monthly means

Monthly V2 total chloride estimates remain in the low S1 screening range at the sampled inland Houston grid cell. The value is visible as Gulf Coast transport context without treating Houston as an exposed surf-zone site.

Jan 9.200 mg/m2/day, Feb 9.200 mg/m2/day, Mar 10.300 mg/m2/day, Apr 10.900 mg/m2/day, May 11.000 mg/m2/day, Jun 10.300 mg/m2/day, Jul 9.600 mg/m2/day, Aug 9.400 mg/m2/day, Sep 8.700 mg/m2/day, Oct 9.400 mg/m2/day, Nov 9.200 mg/m2/day, Dec 9.600 mg/m2/day8.424 mg/m2/day9.850 mg/m2/day11.276 mg/m2/dayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 9.200 mg/m2/dayFeb: 9.200 mg/m2/dayMar: 10.300 mg/m2/dayApr: 10.900 mg/m2/dayMay: 11.000 mg/m2/dayJun: 10.300 mg/m2/dayJul: 9.600 mg/m2/dayAug: 9.400 mg/m2/daySep: 8.700 mg/m2/dayOct: 9.400 mg/m2/dayNov: 9.200 mg/m2/dayDec: 9.600 mg/m2/day
Monthly mean
MERRA-2 sulfate deposition

6.212 mg/m2/day average of the monthly means

MERRA-2 sulfate background is moderate for Houston and provides independent regional deposition context; it is not the ISO Pd input.

Jan 6.310 mg/m2/day, Feb 6.160 mg/m2/day, Mar 7.120 mg/m2/day, Apr 7.900 mg/m2/day, May 7.040 mg/m2/day, Jun 5.770 mg/m2/day, Jul 5.260 mg/m2/day, Aug 4.960 mg/m2/day, Sep 6.120 mg/m2/day, Oct 5.890 mg/m2/day, Nov 6.240 mg/m2/day, Dec 5.770 mg/m2/day4.607 mg/m2/day6.430 mg/m2/day8.253 mg/m2/dayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 6.310 mg/m2/dayFeb: 6.160 mg/m2/dayMar: 7.120 mg/m2/dayApr: 7.900 mg/m2/dayMay: 7.040 mg/m2/dayJun: 5.770 mg/m2/dayJul: 5.260 mg/m2/dayAug: 4.960 mg/m2/daySep: 6.120 mg/m2/dayOct: 5.890 mg/m2/dayNov: 6.240 mg/m2/dayDec: 5.770 mg/m2/day
Monthly mean
Plastic ageing context

Houston UV and ozone exposure for polymer screening.

Houston has a strong warm-season UV signal and moderate ozone. Plastic ageing exposure is high in summer and remains meaningful outside the peak season.

Mean UV Surface Dose61.7 kJ/m2/day

ERA5 2015-2024 monthly climatology sampled at the city grid cell.

Peak UV Month86.6 kJ/m2/day

Highest monthly mean daily UV dose in the representative climatology.

Mean Surface Ozone29.8 ppb

CAMS EAC4 surface ozone climatology for elastomer and rubber ageing context.

Plastic Ageing Index79 / 100

Partial Climetry v0.1 screening index from UV and ozone only; not a lifetime prediction.

Engineering interpretation

For Gulf Coast products, polymer ageing should be evaluated together with humidity and corrosion exposure. UV alone is not the full story; moisture, heat and ozone-sensitive elastomers can act in parallel.

Monthly plastic ageing profile

Houston UV and ozone exposure by month.

Monthly profiles show UV surface dose, surface ozone and a partial Plastic Ageing Exposure Index. Thermal oxidation, hydrolysis and moisture ageing will be refined with CEY thermodynamic channels.

UV surface dose

61.7 kJ/m2/day average of the monthly means

Mean daily UV surface dose by calendar month. Useful for photo-oxidation screening of plastics, coatings, cable jackets and exposed polymer housings.

Jan 37.3 kJ/m2/day, Feb 47.6 kJ/m2/day, Mar 57.1 kJ/m2/day, Apr 71.4 kJ/m2/day, May 77.0 kJ/m2/day, Jun 86.6 kJ/m2/day, Jul 85.3 kJ/m2/day, Aug 79.2 kJ/m2/day, Sep 69.4 kJ/m2/day, Oct 55.9 kJ/m2/day, Nov 40.6 kJ/m2/day, Dec 33.3 kJ/m2/day26.9 kJ/m2/day59.9 kJ/m2/day93.0 kJ/m2/dayJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 37.3 kJ/m2/dayFeb: 47.6 kJ/m2/dayMar: 57.1 kJ/m2/dayApr: 71.4 kJ/m2/dayMay: 77.0 kJ/m2/dayJun: 86.6 kJ/m2/dayJul: 85.3 kJ/m2/dayAug: 79.2 kJ/m2/daySep: 69.4 kJ/m2/dayOct: 55.9 kJ/m2/dayNov: 40.6 kJ/m2/dayDec: 33.3 kJ/m2/day
Monthly mean
Surface ozone

29.8 ppb average of the monthly means

Monthly surface ozone climatology. Relevant for ozone-sensitive elastomers, seals, rubber parts and strained polymer components.

Jan 22.6 ppb, Feb 26.3 ppb, Mar 33.5 ppb, Apr 38.3 ppb, May 36.1 ppb, Jun 31.4 ppb, Jul 26.8 ppb, Aug 29.9 ppb, Sep 31.9 ppb, Oct 32.7 ppb, Nov 26.4 ppb, Dec 22.1 ppb20.2 ppb30.2 ppb40.2 ppbJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 22.6 ppbFeb: 26.3 ppbMar: 33.5 ppbApr: 38.3 ppbMay: 36.1 ppbJun: 31.4 ppbJul: 26.8 ppbAug: 29.9 ppbSep: 31.9 ppbOct: 32.7 ppbNov: 26.4 ppbDec: 22.1 ppb
Monthly mean
Plastic ageing exposure

79 score average of the monthly means

Partial Climetry Plastic Ageing Exposure Index v0.1 from UV and ozone channels only. Thermal and moisture ageing channels will be added from CEY.

Jan 76 score, Feb 78 score, Mar 81 score, Apr 83 score, May 82 score, Jun 80 score, Jul 78 score, Aug 79 score, Sep 80 score, Oct 80 score, Nov 78 score, Dec 73 score71 score78 score84 scoreJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJan: 76 scoreFeb: 78 scoreMar: 81 scoreApr: 83 scoreMay: 82 scoreJun: 80 scoreJul: 78 scoreAug: 79 scoreSep: 80 scoreOct: 80 scoreNov: 78 scoreDec: 73 score
Monthly mean
Environmental data confidence

What the station comparison shows, and what it does not.

Exposure hours (RH80/RH90) and the hourly CEY engineering figures (duration, histogram and percentile diagrams) on this page come from the CEY10 representative year: real months selected from ERA5-Land 2015-2024 at one 0.25° grid cell. The monthly profile charts state their own data basis above them.

The station comparison below is a separate 2025 pilot. It compares monthly values of ERA5, the global reanalysis rather than ERA5-Land, at the nearest grid point with Meteostat airport observations: 12 monthly values per station. It does not validate the representative year, its exposure hours, CE classes or corrosion screening.

For some coastal cities, including Dubai, Mumbai, Seattle and Singapore, the representative-year exposure hours lie outside the annual range observed at the airport station. Broader station comparisons of ERA5-Land and CEY10 are described on the scientific validation page.

Station comparison, 2025 pilot

Houston: ERA5 2025 monthly values vs Houston Intercontinental (KIAH)

ERA5 (the global reanalysis, nearest grid point) monthly means for 2025 compared with Meteostat observations at Houston Intercontinental (KIAH): 12 monthly values per variable. Bias is ERA5 minus station.

Air temperatureRMSE 0.99 °C

Mean bias −0.89 °C

Dew pointRMSE 0.58 °C

Mean bias +0.40 °C

Relative humidityRMSE 5.89 %-points

Mean bias +4.84 %-points

This pilot concerns the ERA5 dataset in one calendar year. It does not validate the CEY10 representative year, exposure hours such as RH80/RH90, CE classes or corrosion screening shown on this page. Scientific validation
Report preview

Houston exposure report structure.

The full report combines climate classification, corrosion screening, condensation exposure, RH80/RH90 hours, marine context, monthly profiles, and reliability implications.

Climate ClassificationHumid SubtropicalClimate zone
Climetry Exposure Class (CE)CE-4Environmental severity
Corrosion ScreeningHighISO-derived indicator
Condensation RiskModerate to highMoisture
RH80 Hours4,160 h/yearWet-hour proxy
RH90 Hours2,354 h/yearExtreme humidity

Reliability implications for Houston

High humidity and condensation exposure may result in a severe Climetry Exposure Class even if atmospheric metal corrosivity remains moderate. CE classes indicate environmental severity and qualification relevance, not failure probability.

  • Treat humidity and corrosion as recurring field stressors, not rare edge cases.
  • Review coating, gasket, venting, and inspection assumptions for outdoor cabinets and infrastructure.
  • Consider regional pollutant and marine modifiers for more advanced corrosion screening.
Learn More

Engineering context behind the city exposure pages.

Interactive assessment

Understand your own environmental exposure.

Analyze any location worldwide and compare humidity, condensation and environmental severity.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What does CE-4 mean for Houston?

CE-4 is a Climetry Exposure Class. It describes overall environmental severity for durability screening and qualification support at this location.

Is this a corrosion prediction?

No. The page provides environmental exposure screening. Corrosion indicators are engineering screening outputs, not failure probability and not a product-specific lifetime prediction.

How reliable are the climate data?

Exposure hours and the hourly CEY engineering figures (duration, histogram and percentile diagrams) come from the CEY10 representative year: real months selected from ERA5-Land 2015-2024 at one 0.25° grid cell. A separate 2025 pilot compared ERA5 monthly values with airport observations (12 monthly values per station); it does not validate the representative year or its exposure hours. For some coastal cities the representative-year exposure hours lie outside the range observed at the airport. The monthly profile charts state their own data basis above them. Treat the values as screening values.

What is the difference between CE class and ISO corrosivity?

CE classes describe overall environmental severity. ISO 9223 corrosivity classes describe material-related atmospheric corrosivity categories. They are related but not equivalent.

Which climate data does this page use?

Temperature, dew point and pressure from ERA5-Land, assembled into the CEY10 representative year (2015-2024), are used to derive relative humidity, absolute humidity and exposure hours. Other layers name their own source and period where they are shown.

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